Cover
Half-title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
01. Introduction to Computers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of Computers
1.3 Characteristics of Computers
1.3.1 Word Length
1.3.2 Speed
1.3.3 Storage
1.3.4 Accuracy
1.3.5 Versatility
1.3.6 Automation
1.3.7 Diligence
1.4 Classification of Computers
1.5 What Computers Can Do?
1.6 What Computers Cannot Do?
1.6.1 Productivity
1.6.2 Reasoning
1.6.3 Errors
1.7 Uses of Computers
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Multiple Choice Questions
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02. Five Generations of Modern Computers
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 First Generation Computers (1945–1955)
2.1.2 Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
2.1.3 Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
2.1.4 Fourth Generation Computers (1972 Onwards)
2.1.5 Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Future)
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03. Classification of Digital Computer Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Microcomputers
3.2.1 Personal Computers (PCs)
3.2.2 Workstations
3.2.3 Portable Computers
3.3 Minicomputers
3.4 Mainframes
3.5 Supercomputers
3.6 Network Computers
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04. Components of a Computer
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Parts of a Computer
4.2.1 Processor or CPU
4.2.2 Memory
4.2.2.1 RAM
4.2.2.2 ROM
4.2.2.3 PROM
4.2.2.4 EPROM
4.2.2.5 EEPROM
4.2.2.6 Flash Memory
4.2.3 Input Devices
4.2.4 Output Devices
4.2.5 Storage Devices
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05. Input Devices
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Keyboard
5.2.1 Alphanumeric Keys
5.2.2 Modifier Keys
5.2.3 Numeric Keypad
5.2.4 Function Keys
5.2.5 Cursor Movement Keys
5.2.6 Special-Purpose Keys
5.2.7 Ergonomic Keyboards
5.2.8 Internet and Multimedia Keyboards
5.3 Mouse
5.3.1 Types of Mice
5.4 Trackball
5.5 Game Controllers
5.6 Touch Screen
5.7 Scanners
5.7.1 Types of Scanners
5.8 Barcode Reader
5.9 Card Reader
5.10 Digitizer
5.11 Voice Recognition
5.12 Webcams
5.13 Digital Cameras
5.14 Video Cameras (Camcorders)
5.15 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
5.16 Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
5.17 Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR)
5.18 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
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06. Output Devices
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Monitor
6.2.1 CRT Monitors
6.2.2 Flat-Panel Monitors
6.2.3 Classification of Monitors — Based on Color
6.2.4 Classification of Monitors — Based on Signals
6.2.5 Characteristics of a Monitor
6.2.6 Video Standards
6.2.6.1 VGA
6.2.6.2 SVGA
6.2.6.3 8514/A
6.2.6.4 XGA.
6.2.6.5 TI 34010
6.3 Printer
6.3.1 Daisy-wheel Printer
6.3.2 Dot-matrix Printer
6.3.3 Ink-jet Printer
6.3.4 Laser Printer
6.3.5 LCD, LED, Line and Thermal Printers
6.4 Plotter
6.5 Multimedia Projector
6.6 Speech Synthesizers
6.6.1 Hardware and Software Speech Synthesizers
6.7 Sound Cards and Speakers
6.8 Dumb, Smart and Intelligent Terminals
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07. Secondary (Auxiliary) Storage Devices
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Classification of Secondary Storage Devices
7.1.2 Advantages of Secondary Storage
7.2 Magnetic Tape
7.2.1 Quarter-inch Cartridge (QIC) Tapes
7.2.2 8mm Helical-Scan Tapes
7.2.3 DAT Cartridge
7.3 Magnetic Disks
7.3.1 Hard Disks
7.3.1.1 Removable-Pack Disk Systems
7.3.1.2 Winchester Disk Systems
7.3.2 Flexible Disks
7.3.2.1 Floppy Disks
7.3.2.2 Zip Disk
7.3.2.3 Jaz Disk
7.3.2.4 SuperDisk
7.4 Optical Disk
7.4.1 CD-ROM
7.4.2 CD-R
7.4.3 CD-RW
7.4.4 DVD
7.4.5 DVD-R and DVD-RW
7.4.6 DVD+R and DVD+RW
7.4.7 Combo Drives
7.5 Blu-ray Disc
7.6 Magneto-Optical (MO) Disk
7.7 Solid State Drive (SSD)
7.8 USB Flash Drives
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08. Computers in Business and Industry
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Business Pressures
8.2.1 Global Competition
8.2.2 Real-time Operations
8.2.3 Workforce
8.2.4 Customer Behavior
8.2.5 Technological Innovation and Obsolescence
8.2.6 Information Explosion
8.2.7 Social Issues
8.2.8 Ethical Issues
8.3 Organizational Responses
8.3.1 Strategic Systems
8.3.2 Customer Focus and Service
8.3.3 Continuous Improvement (Kaizen)
8.3.4 Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory Approach
8.3.5 Total Quality Management (TQM)
8.3.6 Better Decision-Making
8.3.7 Ergonomics
8.3.8 Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
8.3.9 Strategic Alliances
8.3.10 E-commerce
8.4 Office Automation Technologies
8.5 Office Automation Systems
8.5.1 Text Management Systems
8.5.2 Business Analysis Systems
8.5.3 Document Management Systems
8.5.4 Network and Communication Management Systems
8.6 Transaction Processing
8.6.1 Centralized Transaction Processing
8.6.2 Client/Server Systems
8.6.2.1 Client/Server Software
8.6.3 Distributed Computing
8.7 Tools for Management Control
8.7.1 Decision Support Systems (DSS)
8.7.2 Executive Information Systems (EIS)
8.7.3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
8.7.4 On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP)
8.7.5 Data Warehousing
8.7.6 Data Mining
8.8 Computers in Engineering
8.8.1 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
8.8.2 Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
8.8.3 Product Data Management (PDM)
8.8.4 Feature Prototyping
8.8.5 Project Management
8.9 Mobile computing
8.9.1 Mobile Newspaper
8.9.2 Telecommuting
8.9.3 Whiteboards
8.9.4 Wireless Mobile Computing
8.9.5 Enabling Technologies
8.9.6 Virtual Organizations
8.10 Business on the Internet
8.10.1 Electronic Catalogs
8.10.2 Web Advertising
8.10.3 Secure Transactions
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09. Computer Software
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Computer Software
9.3 Hardware/Software Interaction
9.3.1 Fetch–Decode–Execute Cycle
9.4 Classification of Software
9.4.1 Systems Software
9.4.1.1 Operating Systems
9.4.1.2 Utilities
9.4.1.3 Compilers and Interpreters
9.4.2 Applications Software
9.4.2.1 Word Processors
9.4.2.2 Spreadsheets
9.4.2.3 Presentation Software
9.4.2.4 Image Processors
9.4.2.5 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
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10. Operating Systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Functions of an Operating System
10.3 Classification of Operating Systems
10.3.1 Desktop Operating Systems
10.3.2 Server Operating Systems
10.3.3 Mainframe Operating Systems
10.3.4 Multi-user Operating Systems
10.3.5 Multiprocessing Operating Systems
10.3.6 Multitasking Operating Systems
10.3.7 Multithreading Operating Systems
10.3.8 Real-time Operating Systems
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11. Programming Languages, Compilers, and Interpreters
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Machine Languages
11.3 Assembly Languages
11.4 High-Level Languages
11.5 Types of High-level Languages
11.5.1 Procedure-oriented Languages
11.5.2 Problem-oriented Languages
11.5.2.1 Personal Computer Applications Software
11.5.2.2 Query Languages and Report Generators
11.5.2.3 Decision Support Systems
11.5.2.4 Application generators
11.5.3 Natural Languages
11.6 Compilers and Interpreters
11.7 Compilation Process
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12. Data Processing and Database Management Systems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Data, Information, and Data Processing
12.2.1 Data vs. Information
12.2.2 Attributes/Characteristics of Information
12.2.3 Data Processing
12.3 Data and Data Management
12.4 File-based Data Management
12.5 Database Systems
12.5.1 Why a Database?
12.6 Organization of a Database
12.7 Characteristics of Data in a Database
12.8 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
12.9 Components of a DBMS
12.9.1 Query Processor
12.9.2 File Manager
12.9.3 DML Preprocessor
12.9.4 DDL Compiler
12.9.5 Data Dictionary Manager
12.9.6 Database Manager (DM)
12.10 Advantages of a DBMS
12.11 Benefits of Using a DBMS
12.12 Types of DBMS
12.12.1 Hierarchical DBMS
12.12.2 Network DBMS
12.12.3 Relational DBMS
12.12.4 Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)
12.13 Functions of DBMS
12.14 Database Users
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13. Management Information Systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Data, Information and Knowledge
13.3 Information Processing
13.3.1 Functions of an Information System
13.3.2 Data Transformation Process
13.4 Management Information System (MIS)
13.5 Characteristics of MIS
13.6 Computer-based Information Systems (CBIS)
13.6.1 Components of CBIS
13.6.2 Capabilities of Information Systems
13.7 Types of Information Systems
13.8 Advantages of MIS
13.9 Disadvantage of MIS
13.10 Functional Management Information Systems
13.10.1 Types of Functional MISs
13.10.2 Financial Management Information System (FMIS)
13.10.3 Production Management Information System (PMIS)
13.10.4 Marketing Management Information System (MMIS)
13.10.5 Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS)
13.11 Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
13.11.1 Advantages of BPO
13.11.2 Limitations of BPO
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14. Computer Networks
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Overview of a Network
14.3 Types of Networks
14.3.1 Local Area Network (LAN)
14.3.2 Wide Area Network (WAN)
14.4 Network Topology
14.4.1 Star Topology
14.4.1.1 Advantages
14.4.1.2 Disadvantages
14.4.2 Ring Topology
14.4.2.1 Advantages
14.4.2.2 Disadvantages
14.4.3 Linear Bus Topology
14.4.3.1 Advantages
14.4.3.2 Disadvantages
14.4.4 Tree Topology
14.4.4.1 Advantages
14.4.4.2 Disadvantages
14.5 Network Protocols
14.6 Network Architecture
14.6.1 Peer-to-Peer Architecture
14.6.2 Client/Server Architecture
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15. Internet and World Wide Web
15.1 Introduction
15.2 What is Special about the Internet?
15.3 Internet Access
15.3.1 Dial-up Connection
15.3.2 Direct Connection
15.4 Internet Basics
15.4.1 What Should I Do?
15.5 Internet Protocols
15.5.1 Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
15.5.2 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
15.5.3 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
15.5.4 Telnet
15.5.5 Gopher
15.5.6 WAIS
15.6 Internet Addressing
15.6.1 IP Address
15.6.2 Domain Names
15.6.3 Electronic Mail Addresses
15.6.4 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
15.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
15.8 Web Pages and HTML
15.9 Web Browsers
15.9.1 Web Browsing
15.10 Searching the Web
15.10.1 Web Index
15.10.2 Web Directory
15.10.3 Search Engines
15.10.4 Meta-search Engines
15.10.5 Making Your Search
15.11 Internet Chat
15.11.1 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
15.11.2 Chatting on Web
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16. Electronic Mail
16.1 Introduction
16.2 How E-mail works?
16.3 Why Use E-mail?
16.4 E-Mail—Names and Addresses
16.5 Mailing Basics
16.5.1 Address Book
16.5.2 File Attachments
16.5.3 Signature
16.5.4 Setting Priority
16.5.5 Replying and Forwarding E-Mail Messages
16.5.6 Customizing your Mail Program
16.6 How Private is the E-mail?
16.7 E-mail Ethics
16.8 Spamming
16.9 E-mail—Advantages and Disadvantages
16.10 Tips for Effective E-mail Use
16.11 Smileys (Emoticons)
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Appendix A. Solved Question Papers
Question Paper - I
Question Paper - II
Question Paper - III
Question Paper - IV
Question Paper - V
Question Paper - VI
Question Paper - VII
Question Paper - VIII
Question Paper - IX
Question Paper - X
Index
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