Cover
Half-title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
01. Introduction to Computers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of Computers
1.3 Characteristics of Computers
1.3.1 Word Length
1.3.2 Speed
1.3.3 Storage
1.3.4 Accuracy
1.3.5 Versatility
1.3.6 Automation
1.3.7 Diligence
1.4 Classification of Computers
1.5 What Computers Can Do?
1.6 What Computers Cannot Do?
1.6.1 Productivity
1.6.2 Reasoning
1.6.3 Errors
1.7 Uses of Computers
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02. Five Generations of Modern Computers
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 First Generation Computers (1945–1955)
2.1.2 Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
2.1.3 Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
2.1.4 Fourth Generation Computers (1972 Onwards)
2.1.5 Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Future)
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03. Classification of Computers
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Analog Computers
3.1.2 Digital Computers
3.1.3 Hybrid Computers
3.2 Classification of Digital Computers
3.2.1 Microcomputers
3.2.1.1 Personal Computers (PCs)
3.2.1.2 Workstations
3.2.1.3 Portable Computers
3.2.2 Minicomputers
3.2.3 Mainframes
3.2.4 Supercomputers
3.2.5 Network Computers
3.3 Business and Scientific Computer Systems
3.4 Time Sharing, Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing Systems
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04. Components of a Computer
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Parts of a Computer
4.2.1 Processor or CPU
4.2.2 Memory
4.2.2.1 RAM
4.2.2.2 ROM
4.2.2.3 PROM
4.2.2.4 EPROM
4.2.2.5 EEPROM
4.2.2.6 Flash Memory
4.2.3 Input Devices
4.2.4 Output Devices
4.2.5 Storage Devices
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05. Input Devices
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Keyboard
5.2.1 Alphanumeric Keys
5.2.2 Modifier Keys
5.2.3 Numeric Keypad
5.2.4 Function Keys
5.2.5 Cursor Movement Keys
5.2.6 Special-Purpose Keys
5.2.7 Ergonomic Keyboards
5.2.8 Internet and Multimedia Keyboards
5.3 Mouse
5.3.1 Types of Mice
5.4 Trackball
5.5 Game Controllers
5.6 Touch Screen
5.7 Scanners
5.7.1 Types of Scanners
5.8 Barcode Reader
5.9 Card Reader
5.10 Digitizer
5.11 Voice Recognition
5.12 Webcams
5.13 Digital Cameras
5.14 Video Cameras (Camcorders)
5.15 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
5.16 Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
5.17 Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR)
5.18 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
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06. Output Devices
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Monitor
6.2.1 CRT Monitors
6.2.2 Flat-Panel Monitors
6.2.3 Classification of Monitors — Based on Color
6.2.4 Classification of Monitors — Based on Signals
6.2.5 Characteristics of a Monitor
6.2.6 Video Standards
6.2.6.1 VGA
6.2.6.2 SVGA
6.2.6.3 8514/A
6.2.6.4 XGA
6.2.6.5 TI 34010
6.3 Printer
6.3.1 Daisy-wheel Printer
6.3.2 Dot-matrix Printer
6.3.3 Ink-jet Printer
6.3.4 Laser Printer
6.3.5 LCD, LED, Line and Thermal Printers
6.4 Plotter
6.5 Multimedia Projector
6.6 Speech Synthesizers
6.6.1 Hardware and Software Speech Synthesizers
6.7 Sound Cards and Speakers
6.8 Dumb, Smart and Intelligent Terminals
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07. Storage Devices
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Classification of Secondary Storage Devices
7.1.2 Advantages of Secondary Storage
7.2 Magnetic
7.2.1 Quarter-inch Cartridge (QIC) Tapes
7.2.2 8mm Helical-Scan Tapes
7.2.3 DAT Cartridge
7.3 Magnetic Disks
7.3.1 Hard Disks
7.3.1.1 Removable-Pack Disk Systems
7.3.1.2 Winchester Disk Systems
7.3.2 Flexible Disks
7.3.2.1 Floppy Disks
7.3.2.2 Zip Disk
7.3.2.3 Jaz Disk
7.3.2.4 SuperDisk
7.4 Optical Disk
7.4.1 CD-ROM
7.4.2 CD-R
7.4.3 CD-RW
7.4.4 DVD
7.4.5 DVD-R and DVD-RW
7.4.6 DVD+R and DVD+RW
7.4.7 Combo Drives
7.5 Blu-ray Disc
7.6 Magneto-Optical (MO) Disk
7.7 Solid State Drive (SSD)
7.8 USB Flash Drives
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08. Computers in Business
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Office Automation
8.2.1 People
8.2.2 Ergonomics
8.2.3 Office Automation Technologies
8.2.4 Office Automation Systems
8.2.4.1 Text Management Systems
8.2.4.2 Business Analysis Systems
8.2.4.3 Document Management Systems
8.2.4.4 Network and Communication Management Systems
8.3 Tools for Management Control
8.3.1 Decision Support Systems (DSS)
8.3.2 Executive Information Systems (EIS)
8.3.3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
8.3.4 On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP)
8.3.5 Data Warehousing
8.3.6 Data Mining
8.4 Computers in Engineering
8.4.1 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
8.4.2 Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
8.4.3 Product Data Management (PDM)
8.4.4 Feature Prototyping
8.4.5 Project Management.
8.5 Mobile Computing
8.5.1 Mobile Newspaper
8.5.2 Telecommuting
8.5.3 Whiteboards
8.5.4 Wireless Mobile Computing
8.5.5 Enabling Technologies
8.5.6 Virtual Organizations
8.6 Business on the Internet
8.6.1 Electronic Catalogs
8.6.2 Web Advertising
8.6.3 Secure Transactions
8.7 Computer Related Jobs in Business
8.7.1 Earning Potential
8.7.2 Career Options
8.7.3 Academic Preparation
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09. Data Processing and Database Management Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Data, Information, and Data Processing
9.2.1 Data vs. Information
9.2.2 Attributes/Characteristics of Information
9.2.3 Data Processing
9.3 Data and Data Management
9.4 File-based Data Management
9.5 Database Systems
9.5.1 Why a Database?
9.6 Organization of a Database
9.7 Characteristics of Data in a Database
9.8 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
9.9 Components of a DBMS
9.9.1 Query Processor
9.9.2 File Manager
9.9.3 DML Preprocessor
9.9.4 DDL Compiler
9.9.5 Data Dictionary Manager
9.9.6 Database Manager (DM)
9.10 Advantages of a DBMS
9.11 Benefits of Using a DBMS
9.12 Types of DBMS
9.12.1 Hierarchical DBMS
9.12.2 Network DBMS
9.12.3 Relational DBMS
9.12.4 Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)
9.13 Functions of DBMS
9.14 Database Users
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10. Introduction to Software Development
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Software Development Life Cycle Phases
10.3 Software Development Process
10.4 Overview of SDLC Phases
10.5 Project Start-Up
10.6 Requirements Analysis and Specification
10.7 Systems Analysis
10.8 System Design
10.8.1 High-level Design or External Design
10.8.2 Low-level Design or Detailed Design
10.8.2.1 Structured English
10.8.2.2 Flowcharts
10.8.2.3 Pseudocode
10.8.2.4 Data Flow Diagram
10.8.2.5 Data Dictionary
10.8.2.6 Decision Tables
10.8.2.7 Decision Trees
10.9 Coding and Unit Testing
10.10 System/Integration Testing
10.11 Acceptance Testing
10.12 Implementation
10.13 Project Windup
10.14 Project Maintenance
10.15 Retirement
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11. Hardware and Software
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Computer Hardware
11.3 Computer Software
11.4 Hardware/Software Interaction
11.4.1 Fetch–Decode–Execute Cycle
11.5 Classification of Software
11.5.1 Systems Software
11.5.1.1 Operating Systems
11.5.1.2 Utilities
11.5.1.3 Compilers and Interpreters
11.5.2 Applications Software
11.5.2.1 Word Processors
11.5.2.2 Spreadsheets
11.5.2.3 Presentation Software
11.5.2.4 Image Processors
11.5.2.5 Database Management Systems (DBMS)
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12. Operating Systems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Functions of an Operating System
12.3 Classification of Operating Systems
12.3.1 Desktop Operating Systems
12.3.2 Server Operating Systems
12.3.3 Mainframe Operating Systems
12.3.4 Multi-user Operating Systems
12.3.5 Multiprocessing Operating Systems
12.3.6 Multitasking Operating Systems
12.3.7 Multithreading Operating Systems
12.3.8 Real-time Operating Systems
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13. Programming Languages
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Machine Languages
13.3 Assembly Languages
13.4 High-Level Languages
13.5 Types of High-level Languages
13.5.1 Procedure-oriented Languages
13.5.2 Problem-oriented Languages
13.5.2.1 Personal Computer Applications Software
13.5.2.2 Query Languages and Report Generators
13.5.2.3 Decision Support Systems
13.5.2.4 Application generators
13.5.3 Natural Languages
13.6 Compilers and Interpreters
13.6.1 Compilation Process
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14. Computer Networks
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Overview of a Network
14.3 Types of Networks
14.3.1 Local Area Network (LAN)
14.3.2 Wide Area Network (WAN)
14.4 Network Topology
14.4.1 Star Topology
14.4.1.1 Advantages
14.4.1.2 Disadvantages
14.4.2 Ring Topology
14.4.2.1 Advantages
14.4.2.2 Disadvantages
14.4.3 Linear Bus Topology
14.4.3.1 Advantages
14.4.3.2 Disadvantages
14.4.4 Tree Topology
14.4.4.1 Advantages
14.4.4.2 Disadvantages
14.5 Network Protocols
14.6 Network Architecture
14.6.1 Peer-to-Peer Architecture
14.6.2 Client/Server Architecture
14.7 Intranets
14.7.1 Characteristics of Intranet
14.7.2 Advantages of Intranets
14.7.3 Business Benefits of Intranets
14.7.4 Drawbacks of Intranets
14.7.5 Why does an Organization need Intranet?
14.7.6 Benefits of Intranets to Employees and Organizations
14.8 Extranet
14.9 Relationship between Intranets, Extranets and E-commerce
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15. Internet and WWW
15.1 Introduction
15.2 What is Special About the Internet?
15.3 Internet Access
15.3.1 Dial-up Connection
15.3.2 Direct Connection
15.4 Internet Basics
15.4.1 What Should I Do?
15.5 Internet Protocols
15.5.1 Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
15.5.2 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
15.5.3 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
15.5.4 Telnet
15.5.5 Gopher
15.5.6 WAIS
15.6 Internet Addressing
15.6.1 IP Address
15.6.2 Domain Names
15.6.3 Electronic Mail Addresses
15.6.4 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
15.7 World Wide Web (WWW)
15.8 Web Browsers
15.8.1 Web Browsing
15.9 Web Pages and HTML
15.10 Searching the Web
15.10.1 Web Index
15.10.2 Web Directory
15.10.3 Search Engines
15.10.4 Meta-search Engines
15.10.5 Making Your Search
15.11 Internet Chat
15.11.1 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
15.11.2 Chatting on Web
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