Digital Electronics
Digital Electronics
Publication Date: 01 July, 2014
Available in all formats
Publisher: Vijay Nicole Imprints Private Limited
ISBN: 9789394524132
ISBN: 9788182092716
Price: INR 650.00
Description
Table of contents
Biographical note
This book is designed for a comprehensive coverage of all the new syllabus regulation 2017, as prescribed by Anna University for the third semester ECE students.
Description
This book is designed for a comprehensive coverage of all the new syllabus regulation 2017, as prescribed by Anna University for the third semester ECE students.
Table of contents
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- About the Authors
- Syllabus
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 1 Overview of Number Systems
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Digital Signals
- 1.2.1 Why are Binary Numbers Used?
- 1.2.2 What is a Digital Signal?
- 1.3 Number Systems
- 1.4 Base Conversions
- 1.4.1 Binary to Decimal Conversion
- 1.4.2 Decimal to Binary Conversion
- 1.4.3 Decimal to Base-r
- 1.4.4 Base-r to Decimal
- 1.4.5 Binary to Octal and Hexadecimal Conversion
- 1.4.6 Conversion from Hexadecimal to Octal and vice versa
- 1.5 Complements
- 1.5.1 r’s Complement or Radix Complement
- 1.5.2 (r–1)’s Complement or Diminished Radix Complement
- 1.5.3 Additional Method to Determine and Complements
- 1.6 Signed Binary Numbers
- 1.7 Binary Arithmetic
- Binary Addition
- Binary Subtraction
- Binary Multiplication
- Binary Division
- 1.8 Complement/1’s Complement Arithmetic
- 1.8.1 Subtraction with Complements
- 1.8.2 Subtraction with 1’s Complement
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 2 Minimization Techniques
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Boolean Postulates and Laws
- 2.2.1 Basic Definitions and Properties of Boolean Algebra
- 2.2.2 Principle of Duality
- 2.2.3 Proof of Theorems
- 2.2.4 Simplification Theorem
- 2.3 Boolean Expression
- 2.3.1 Representation of Boolean Expression
- 2.4 Canonical and Standard Forms
- 2.4.1 Minterms and Maxterms
- 2.4.2 Sum of Minterms
- 2.4.3 Product of Maxterms
- 2.4.4 Conversion Between Canonical Forms
- 2.4.5 Standard Forms
- 2.4.6 Worked Out Examples
- 2.4.7 Other Logic Operations
- 2.5 Karnaugh Map Minimization
- 2.5.1 Two and Three Variables Maps
- 2.5.2 Four Variable Map
- 2.5.3 Representation of Truth Table on K-Map
- 2.5.4 Obtaining Truth Table From K-Map
- 2.5.5 Representation of SOP and POS Form on K-Map
- 2.6 Simplification Of Logical Functions Using K-Map
- 2.6.1 Simplification Using Three Variable K-Map
- 2.6.2 Simplification Using Four Variable K-Map
- 2.7 Don’t Care Condition
- 2.8 Prime Implicants and Essential Prime Implicants
- 2.9 Five Variables Map
- 2.10 Six Variable Map
- 2.11 Variation of Maps
- 2.12 The Tabulation Method or Quine-Mcclusky Method
- 2.12.1 Determination of Prime Implicants in Tabulation Method
- 2.12.2 Another Approach – Decimal Number Comparison
- 2.12.3 Comparison Process
- 2.13 Worked Out Examples
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 3 Logic Gates
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Basic Digital Circuits
- 3.2.1 AND Operation
- 3.2.2 OR Operation
- 3.2.3 NOT Operation
- 3.2.4 NAND and NOR Operations
- 3.2.5 Ex-OR and Ex-NOR Operations
- 3.3 Implementations of Logic Functions Using Gates
- 3.4 NAND-NOR Implementation
- 3.4.1 Realization of Logic Gates Using NAND and NOR
- 3.4.2 Graphical Symbol
- 3.4.3 Two Level Implementation
- 3.4.4 Multilevel Realization
- 3.4.5 Wired Logic
- 3.4.6 Multi Output Gate Implementations
- 3.5 Introduction to Digital Logic Families
- 3.5.1 Classification
- 3.5.2 Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)
- 3.5.3 Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL)
- 3.5.4 MOS and CMOS
- 3.5.5 Tristate Gates
- 3.5.6 Characteristics of Digital IC
- 3.5.7 Current and Voltage Parameters
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 4 Combinational Logic Circuits
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Analysis and Design Procedure
- 4.2.1 Analysis Procedure
- 4.2.2 Design Procedure
- 4.3 Adders/Subtractors
- 4.3.1 Half Adder and Half Subtractor
- 4.3.2 Full Adder and Full Subtractor
- 4.3.3 Binary Parallel Adder
- 4.3.4 Binary Parallel Subtractor
- 4.3.5 Binary Adder/Subtractor
- 4.3.6 Look-Ahead Carry Adder: Fast Adder
- 4.3.7 Serial Adder/Subtractor
- 4.3.8 Decimal Adder/Subtractor or BCD Adder
- 4.4 Binary Multiplier/Divider
- 4.5 Multiplexer
- 4.5.1 Boolean Function Implementation Using MUX
- 4.5.2 Interconnection of Multiplexers
- 4.6 Demultiplexer
- 4.6.1 Expansion of DEMUX and Implementation of Boolean Function
- 4.7 Decoders and Encoders
- 4.7.1 Decoders
- 4.7.2 Three to Eight Line Decoder
- 4.7.3 BCD to Seven Segment Decoder
- 4.7.4 Encoder
- 4.7.5 Priority Encoder
- 4.8 Parity Generator/Checker
- 4.8.1 Parity Generator
- 4.8.2 Parity Checker
- 4.9 Code Conversion
- 4.9.1 Binary to Gray Code and Gray Code to Binary Conversion – Direct Method
- 4.9.2 Binary to Gray Code and Gray Code to Binary Conversion – Conventional Method
- 4.9.3 Binary to BCD
- 4.9.4 BCD to Binary Conversion
- 4.9.5 Eight – bit BCD to Binary Conversion
- 4.9.6 BCD to Excess-3 Code Conversion
- 4.9.7 Excess-3 to BCD Code Converter
- 4.10 Magnitude Comparator
- 4.10.1 One-bit Magnitude Comparator
- 4.10.2 Two-bit Magnitude Comparator
- 4.10.3 Four-bit Magnitude Comparator
- 4.11 Functionally Complete Set
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 5 Latches and Flip-Flops
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 A One-Bit Memory Cell
- 5.3 S-R Flip-Flop
- 5.3.1 S-R Latch with NAND Gate
- 5.3.2 NOR S-R Latch
- 5.3.3 Clocked S-R Latch (S-R Flip-Flop)
- 5.3.4 Characteristic Equation
- 5.3.5 Timing Diagram
- 5.3.6 Preset and Clear
- 5.4 J-K Flip-Flop
- 5.4.1 Characteristic Equation
- 5.4.2 Timing Diagram
- 5.4.3 Race Around Condition
- 5.4.4 Master Slave Flip-Flop
- 5.5 Delay Flip-Flop
- 5.5.1 Characteristic Equation
- 5.6 T Flip-Flop
- 5.6.1 Characteristic Equation
- 5.7 Flip-Flop Excitation Tables
- 5.8 Conversion of Flip-Flop From one Type to Another Type
- 5.9 Triggering in Flip-Flop
- 5.10 Edge Triggered S-R Flip-Flop
- 5.11 Level Triggered S-R Flip-Flop
- 5.12 Applications of Flip-Flops
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 6 Synchronous Sequential Circuit
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Sequential Circuit Model
- 6.3 Terms and Definitions Used in Sequential Circuit
- 6.4 Analysis of Synchronous Sequential Circuits
- 6.4.1 Analysis Procedure
- 6.5 Synthesis Synchronous Sequential Circuit
- 6.5.1 Design Procedure
- 6.5.2 State Reduction
- 6.5.3 State Assignment
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 7 Registers and Counters
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Registers
- 7.2.1 Shift Registers
- 7.2.2 Serial In Serial Out [SISO] Shift Register
- 7.2.3 Serial In Parallel Out [SIPO] Shift Register
- 7.2.4 Parallel In Serial Out [PISO] Shift Register
- 7.2.5 Parallel In Parallel Out [PIPO] Shift Register
- 7.2.6 Bidirectional Shift Register
- 7.3 Universal Register
- 7.4 Applications of Shift Register
- 7.4.1 Serial Adder/Subtractor
- 7.5 Shift Register Counters
- 7.5.1 Ring Counter
- 7.5.2 Johnson Counter/Shift Counter
- 7.6 Counters
- 7.6.1 Ripple Counter
- 7.6.2 UP/DOWN Counter
- 7.6.3 Three Bit Binary Ripple Counter
- 7.7 Modulus of Counter
- 7.7.1 Mod–5 Counter
- 7.7.2 Mod–10 Counter or Decade Counter
- 7.8 Synchronous Counter
- 7.8.1 Three Bit Synchronous Counter
- 7.8.2 UP/DOWN Counter
- 7.9 Design of Counter
- 7.10 Sequence Generator
- 7.11 Programmable Counter
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 8 Memory and Programmable Logic Device
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Read Only Memory – ROM
- 8.2.1 Architecture of ROM
- 8.2.2 Classification of ROM
- 8.3 Random Access Memory – RAM
- 8.3.1 Basic Terms and Definition
- 8.3.2 Memory Unit
- 8.3.3 Classifications of RAM
- 8.4 Memory Decoding
- 8.4.1 Coinciding Decoding
- 8.4.2 Address Multiplexing
- 8.5 Memory Expansion
- 8.6 Programmable Logic Device (PLD)
- 8.6.1 ROM as a PLD
- 8.6.2 PLD Using Array Logic Diagram
- 8.7 Programmable Logic Array (PLA)
- 8.7.1 Structure of PLA
- 8.8 Programmable Array Logic [PAL]
- 8.9 Sequential Programmable Device
- 8.9.1 SPLD
- 8.9.2 CPLD
- 8.9.3 FPGA
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 9 Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Terms and Definitions Used in Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
- 9.3 Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
- 9.3.1 Fundamental Mode Circuit without Latches
- 9.3.2 Circuit with Latches
- 9.3.3 Implementation of Sequential Circuit with SR Latch
- 9.4 Design of Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
- 9.4.1 Primitive Flow Table
- 9.5 State Reduction Techniques
- 9.5.1 State Reduction of Completely Specified States
- 9.5.2 State Reduction of Incompletely Specified States
- 9.6 State Assignment and Unspecified Output Assignment
- 9.6.1 Races and Cycles
- 9.6.2 Race Free State Assignments
- 9.6.3 Unspecified Output Assignment
- 9.7 Hazards
- 9.7.1 Circuits with Hazard
- 9.7.2 Hazard Free Circuit
- 9.7.3 Effect of Hazards in Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
- 9.7.4 Essential Hazards
- 9.8 Design Example
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Chapter 10 Algorithm State Machine and Verilog Hdl
- 10.1 Introduction
- Need for ASM
- Usage of ASM
- Flowcharts of ASM
- 10.2 ASM (Algorithmic State Machine) Charts
- ASM Chart Rules
- ASM Block
- 10.3 Design Phases
- Moore State Machine
- 10.4 Introduction
- Features
- Major Design Steps
- Design Entry
- Logic Simulation
- Logic Synthesis and Timing Verification
- Fault Simulation
- Types of HDL
- 10.5 Verilog HDL
- Starting with Verilog – Module and Some Important Keywords
- Gate Delay
- Test Bench
- Boolean Equations
- User Defined Primitives (UDP)
- 10.6 HDL for Combinational Circuits
- 10.6.1 HDL Description of Combination Circuit Using Gate Level Modeling
- 10.6.2 Modeling with Vector Data
- 10.6.3 HDL Description of Combination Circuit Using Data Flow Level Modeling
- 10.6.4 HDL Description of Combination Circuit Using Behavioral Modeling
- 10.7 HDL for Sequential Logic Circuits
- Summary
- Review Questions
- Problems
- Two Mark Questions and Answers
- Solved Question Papers
- April/May 2011 SP.3
- Nov/Dec 2011 SP.17
- May/June 2012 SP.31
- Nov/Dec 2012 SP.39
- May/June 2013 SP.53
- Nov/Dec 2013 SP.64
- References
- Index
Biographical note
Sanjay Kumar Suman is currently Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai.
