Cover
About the authors
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Front Matter
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
UNITONE
Chapter 1 Number System and Code
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Digital Signals
1.2.1 Why are Binary Numbers Used?
1.2.2 What is a Digital Signal?
1.3 Digital Computer and Digital System
1.4 Number Systems
1.5 Base Conversions
1.5.1 Binary to Decimal Conversion
1.5.2 Decimal to Binary Conversion
1.5.3 Decimal to Base-r
1.5.4 Base-r to Decimal
1.5.5 Binary to Octal and Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
1.5.6 Conversion from Hexadecimal to Octal and Vice versa
1.6 Complements
1.6.1 r’s Complement or Radix Complement
1.6.2 (r–1)’s Complement or Diminished Radix Complement
1.6.3 Additional Method to Determine 10’s and 2’s Complements
1.7 Signed Binary Numbers
1.8 Binary Codes
1.8.1 Straight Binary Code or simply Binary Code
1.8.2 Gray Code
1.8.3 BCD Code [Binary coded decimal]
1.8.4 Excess-3 code
1.8.5 Error Detecting and Correcting Code
1.8.6 Hamming Code
1.8.7 Determination of Parity Bits
1.8.8 Single Error Correction and Double Error Detection
1.8.9 Alphanumeric Codes [ ASCII ]
1.8.10 Another Alphanumeric Code [ EBCIDIC ]
1.9 Binary Arithmetic
1.9.1 Binary Addition
1.9.2 Binary Subtraction
1.9.3 Binary Multiplication
1.9.4 Binary Division
1.10 2’s Complement/ 1’s Complement Arithmetic
1.10.1 Subtraction with 2’s Complements
1.10.2 Subtraction with 1’s Complement
1.10.3 BCD Addition/ Subtraction
1.10.4 Excess-3 Addition/ Subtraction
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
Chapter 2 DIGITAL CIRCUIT AND BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic Digital Circuits
2.2.1 AND Operation
2.2.2 OR Operation
2.2.3 NOT Operation
2.2.4 Nand and Nor Operations
2.2.5 NAND Operation
2.2.6 NOR Operation
2.2.7 Ex-OR and Ex-NOR Operations
2.3 Boolean Algebra
2.3.1 Basic Definitions
2.4 Basic Theorem and Properties of Boolean Algebra
2.4.1 Proof of Theorems
2.4.2 Postulate 4a Distributive law
2.4.3 Postulate 4b Distributive law
2.5 Boolean Function
2.6 Canonical and Standard Forms
2.6.1 Minterms and Maxterms
2.6.2 Sum of Minterms
2.6.3 Product of Maxterms
2.6.4 Conversion between Canonical forms
2.6.5 Standard forms
2.7 Other Logic Operations
2.8 Integrated Circuits
2.8.1 Examples of IC Gates
2.8.2 Levels of Integration
2.9 Introduction to Digital Logic Families
2.9.1 Bipolar Logic Families
2.9.2 Unipolar Logic Families
2.10 Brief Discussion of Popular Families
2.10.1 Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)
2.10.2 Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL)
2.10.3 Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
2.10.4 Characteristics of Digital IC
2.10.5 Current and Voltage parameters
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 3 SIMPLIFICATION OF BOOLEAN FUNCTION
3.1 introduction
3.2 the k-map method
3.2.1 Two and Three Variables Maps
3.2.2 Four Variable Map
3.2.3 Representation of Truth Table on K-map
3.2.4 Representation of SOP and POS form on K-map
3.3 Simplification of Logical Functions Using K-Map
3.3.1 Simplification Using Three Variable K-Map
3.3.2 Simplification Using Four Variable K-Map
3.4 Don’t Care Condition
3.5 Prime Implicants and Essential Prime Implicants
3.6 Five and Six Variable Maps
3.6.1 Five Variable Map
3.6.2 Six Variable Map
3.7 Variation of Maps
3.8 Nand and Nor Implementation
3.8.1 Realization of basic gates using NAND and NOR
3.8.2 Graphical Symbol
3.8.3 Two Level Implementation
3.8.4 Multilevel Realization
3.8.5 Wired Logic
3.9 The tabulation method or Quine-Mcclusky method
3.9.1 Determination of Prime Implicants in Tabulation Method
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
UNITTWO
Chapter 4 COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Analysis and Design Procedure
4.2.1 Analysis procedure
4.2.2 Design Procedure
4.3 Adders / Subtractors
4.3.1 Half Adder and Half Subtractor
4.3.2 Full Adder and Full Subtractor
4.3.3 Binary Parallel Adder
4.3.4 Binary Parallel Subtractor
4.3.5 Binary Adder/Subtractor
4.3.6 Look-ahead Carry Adder
4.3.7 Decimal Adder / Subtractor
4.4 Magnitude Comparator
4.4.1 One-bit Magnitude Comparator
4.4.2 Two-bit Magnitude Comparator
4.4.3 Four-bit Magnitude Comparator
4.5 Decoders and Encoders
4.5.1 Decoders
4.5.2 Three to Eight Line Decoder
4.5.3 BCD to Seven Segment Decoder
4.5.4 Encoder
4.5.5 Priority Encoder
4.6 Multiplexer
4.6.1 Boolean Function Implementation using MUX
4.6.2 Interconnection of Multiplexers
4.7 Demultiplexer
4.7.1 Expansion of DEMUX and Implementation of Boolean Function
4.8 Code Conversion
4.8.1 Binary to Gray Code and Gray Code to Binary Conversion – Direct Method
4.8.2 Binary to Gray Code and Gray code to Binary conversion – Conventional Method
4.8.3 Binary to BCD
4.8.4 BCD to Binary Conversion
4.8.5 Eight – bit BCD to Binary Conversion
4.8.6 BCD to Excess-3 Code Conversion
4.8.7 Excess-3 to BCD Code Converter
4.9 Parity Generator / Checker
4.9.1 Parity Generator
4.9.2 Parity Checker
4.10 Functionally Complete Set
4.11 Hardware Descriptive Language
4.11.1 Introduction
4.11.2 Verilog HDL
4.11.3 HDL for Combinational circuits
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
Chapter 5 FLIP-FLOPS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 A One-Bit Memory Cell
5.3 S-R Flip-Flop
5.3.1 S-R latch with NAND gate
5.3.2 NOR S-R Latch
5.3.3 Clocked S-R latch (S-R Flip-Flop)
5.3.4 Characteristic Equation
5.3.5 Timing Diagram
5.3.6 Preset and Clear
5.4 J-K Flip-Flop
5.4.1 Characteristic Equation
5.4.2 Timing Diagram
5.4.3 Race Around Condition
5.4.4 Master Slave Flip-flop
5.5 Delay Flip-Flop
5.5.1 Characteristic Equation
5.6 T flip-flop
5.6.1 Characteristic Equation
5.7 Flip-Flop Excitation Tables
5.8 Conversion of Flip-Flop From one Type to Another Type
5.9 Edge Triggered Flip-Flops
5.10 Edge Triggered S-R Flip-Flop
5.11 Applications of Flip-Flops
Summary
review questions
Problems
Chapter 6 SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sequential Circuit Model
6.3 Terms and Definitions Used in Sequential Circuit
6.4 Analysis of Synchronous Sequential Circuits
6.4.1 Analysis Procedure
6.5 Synthesis Synchronous Sequential Circuit
6.5.1 Design Procedure
6.5.2 State Reduction
6.5.3 State Assignment
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
Chapter 7 REGISTERS AND COUNTERS
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Registers
7.2.1 Shift Registers
7.2.2 Serial in Serial Out [SISO] Shift Register
7.2.3 Serial in Parallel Out [SIPO] Shift Register
7.2.4 Parallel in Serial Out [PISO] Shift Register
7.2.5 Parallel in Parallel Out [PIPO] Shift Register
7.2.6 Bidirectional Shift Register
7.3 Universal Register
7.4 Applications of Shift Register
7.4.1 Ring Counter
7.4.2 Johnson Counter
7.5.1 Ripple Counter
7.5.2 UP / DOWN Counter
7.5.3 Three Bit Binary Ripple Counter
7.6 Modulus of Counter
7.6.1 Mod – 5 Counter
7.6.2 Mod – 10 Counter or Decade Counter
7.7 Synchronous Counter
7.7.1 Three Bit Synchronous Counter
7.7.2 UP / DOWN Counter
7.8 Design of Counter
7.9 Hdl for Sequential Logic Circuits
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
UNITFOUR
Chapter 8 ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Terms and Definitions Used in Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
8.3 Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
8.3.1 Fundamental Mode Circuit without Latches
8.3.2 Circuit with Latches
8.3.3 Implementation of Sequential Circuit with SR Latch
8.4 Design of Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
8.4.1 Primitive Flow Table
8.5 State Reduction Techniques
8.5.1 State Reduction of Completely Specified States
8.5.2 State Reduction of Incompletely Specified States
8.6 State Assignment and Unspecified Output Assignment
8.6.1 Races and Cycles
8.6.2 Race Free State Assignments
8.6.3 Unspecified Output Assignment
8.7 Hazards
8.7.1 Circuits with Hazard
8.7.2 Hazard Free Circuit
8.7.3 Effect of Hazards in Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
8.7.4 Essential Hazards
8.8 Design Example
UNITFIVE
Chapter 9 memory and programmable logic device
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Random Access Memory – Ram
9.2.1 Basic Terms and definition
9.2.2 Memory Unit
9.2.3 Classifications of RAM
9.3 Memory Decoding
9.3.1 Coinciding Decoding
9.3.2 Address Multiplexing
9.4 Error Detection and Correction
9.4.1 Hamming Code
9.4.2 Single Error Correction and Double Error Detection
9.5 Read Only Memory – ROM
9.5.1 Architecture of ROM
9.5.2 Classification of ROM
9.5.3 ROM as a PLD
9.5.4 PLD Using Array Logic Diagram
9.6 Programmable Logic Array (Pla)
9.6.1 Structure of PLA
9.7 Programmable Array Logic [Pal]
9.8 Sequential Programmable Device
9.8.1 SPLD
9.8.2 CPLD
9.8.3 FPGA
9.9 Application Specific Integrated Circuit: Asic
9.9.1 Full-Custom ASIC
9.9.2 Standard Cell Based ASIC
9.9.3 Gate-Array-Based ASIC
Summary
Review Questions
Problems
Two Mark Questions and Answers
Solved Question Papers
May/June 2013
Nov/Dec 2012
May/June 2012
Nov/Dec 2011
April/May 2011
Nov/Dec 2010
April/May 2010
Nov/Dec 2009
May/ June 2009
References
Index
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